Pendidikan Humanisme Jean-Paul Sartre
Abstract Views: 135 |
PDF
Downloads: 113
Downloads
Abstract
Humans are involved in creating themselves and the world through concrete choices and actions, thereby assigning value to those choices and actions. Humans, as etre pour soi can transcendence. Man is not to facticity, to the way of being etre en soi. Sartre on this basis, emphasized existentialism as humanism. Existentialism is not an evil or arbitrary freedom, so it is necessary to explain why existentialism and education are two things that are significantly very influential in the world of contemporary learning. The study in this article uses a distinctive method related to a school of philosophy, namely existentialism. Existentialism is a philosophical method that emphasizes individual existence and individual freedom. This school of thought developed rapidly and influenced many writers, especially in the twentieth century. The most prominent characteristic of existentialism is the emergence of human awareness of himself. A theory of the search for self-meaning that every human being asks about his existence. Awareness and personal responsibility are essential issues in human life. It is related to efforts to realize human life as authentic or genuine. Awareness and personal responsibility are related to human attitudes and actions in filling the space of freedom they have, including education. Attitudes and actions taken by every human being do not stand in a space. It must be accounted for against actual human values, for the duties that are the obligations and expectations of others. Awareness and responsibility are human characteristics. Every human being in his heart owns consciousness, so that awareness is generally related to morals in the future, commonly called moral awareness. Moral awareness is often also called the inner voice; it becomes the primary presupposition of human moral action in education. In line with this, every human being has the right. It is also obliged to live according to what has been realized as an obligation and responsibility. Morally, every human being must decide for himself what to do, especially in the field of education, as well as educators.
References
Adorno, I.W., 1973. The Dialectic of Enlightenment, terj. John Cummings. London: Routledge.
Anderson, T. C. 1979 The Foundation and Structure of Sartrean Ethics. Lawrence: The Regents Press.
Bagus, Lorens. 2002, Kamus Filsafat, Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Bakker, A. 1992. Ontologi atau Metafisika Umum. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Banawiratma, J.B., 1991, Pendidikan dan Perubahan Sosial, dengan pengantar oleh Arief Budiman, Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Barros, Nicolas M.,1998, "Moral Education as Human Fulfilment: The Fundamental Challenge of the XXIst Century", dalam Love as The Foundation of Moral Education and Character Development: A Latin American Contribution for the 21st Century, edited by Luis Ugalde, Nicolas Barros & George F. McLean, The Council for Research in Values & Philosophy, Caracas: Universidad Catololica Adres Bello.
Bellah, R. 1992. "Education: Technical and Moral", dalam Robert N. Bellah. The Good Society. New York: Random House.
Bertens, K. 1996. Filsafat Barat Abad XX Jilid II: Prancis. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka.
Bloom, Allan. 1987. The Closing of American Mind: How Higher Education Has Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Soul of Todays Students. New York: Penguin Books.
Burke, Peter. 1987. The Renaissance. London: Routledge.
Catalano, J. 1974. Commentary on Jean-Paul Sartre's Being and Nothingness. New York: Harper Torch Books.
Dahler, F. 1971. Asal dan Tujuan Manusia. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Davies, Ton. 1997. Humanism. London and New York: Routledge.
Dister, N.S. 1988. Filsafat Kebebasan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Faizi, Ahmad. 2021. Etika Otentisitas Jean Paul Sartre. Thesis, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/42919/.
Foucault, Michel. 1997. Ethics,Subjectivity and Truth. New York: The New Press.
Freire, Paulo. 1998, Pedagogy of Freedom: Ethics, Democracy, and Civil Courage. New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
Freire, Paulo. 2000. Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 30th Anniversary edition. New York: Continuum.
Giustiniani, Vito R., 1985, "Homo-Humanus and the meanings of Humanis", dalam Journal of the History of Ideas 46.
Hasan, Fuad. 1989. Berkenalan dengan Eksistensialisme, Pustaka Jaya, Jakarta.
Herlianto. 1990. Humanisme dan Cerakan Zaman Baru. Bandung: Yayasan Kalam Hidup.
Kierkegaard, Soren. 1983. Fear and Trembling (terjemahan Howard V. Hong & Edna H. Hong). New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Kohli, Wendy. 2001. Critical Conversations in Philosophy of Education. London: Routledge.
Levinas, E. 1998. Entre Nous, on thinking- of-the-other, terj. Michael B. Smith. New York: Columbia University Press.
Macquarrie, John. 1973. Existentialism. New York: Penguin Books.
Magnis-Suseno, F.,1989, Etika Dasar Masalah-Masalah Pokok Filsafat Moral. Yogayakarta: Kanisius.
May, R., 1958. Existence - A New Dimension in Psychiatri and Psychology. New York: Basic Book.
Mazis, G. A. 1980. "The Third: Development in Sartre's Characterization of the self s Relation to Others." Philosophy Today, Vol. XMV, 252 - 255.
Mudji Sutrisno. “Paradigma Humanisme?" dalam Drijarkara, STF, Jakarta, 1994/1995, Tahun XXI No. 4, hlm. 1 -3.
Norman, Richard. 2004. On Humanism. London: Routledge.
Notonagoro. 1980. Pancasila Secara llmiah Populer. Djakarta: Pantjuran Tudjuh.
Olafson, F. A. 1967."Jean-Paul Sartre", dalam Paul Edwards (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Vol. VII. New York: The Macmillan Company & Free Press.
Omoregbe. 1976. The Positive and Negative Aspect of Jean-Paul Sartre's Conception of Human freedom. Roma: Oycs Leuven.
Purnamasari, Elvira. 2017. “Kebebasan Manusia dalam Filsafat Eksistensialisme (Studi Komparasi Pemikiran Muhammad Iqbal dan Jean Paul Sartre).” Manthiq Vol. 2, No. 2, November 2017, 119-132. https://ejournal.iainbengkulu.ac.id/index.php/manthiq/article/view/667.
Raymond, M.M. 1989. "Experience of Nothingness: a form of humanistic religius experience." dalam Journal of Dharma, hlm.0178 - 0189.
Revonita, Maya. 2021. Eksistensialisme Jean Paul Sartre Dalam Sudut Pandang Psikologi Islam. Thesis, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo. http://etheses.iainponorogo.ac.id/13994/1/2115160 41 _ MAYA%20REVONITA_BPI.pdf
Ricoeur, Paul. 1988. Time and Narrative (terj. Kathleen Mc Laughlin et al.) Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Rosalinda A., San Mateo and Tangco, Maura G. 1996. Foundations of Education II: Historical, Philosophical, and Legal Foundationsof Education. Quezon City: Katha Publishing Co, Inc.
Sartre J.P. 1976. Huis Clos (Versi Indonesia oleh Asrul Sani). Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.
Sartre, J.P. 1956, Being and Nothingness. An 'Essay on Phenomenological Ontology, transl. by Hazel E. Barnes, New York: Philosophical Library.
Sartre, J.P. 1960. Existensialism and Humanism. transl. Philip Maird. London: Methuen 7 Co. Ltd.
Sartre, J.P. 1973. Existentialism and Humanism (terjemahan Philip Mairet). London: Eyre Methuen.
Simbolon, Joy Moses E. 2020. “Eksistensialisme Tuhan Analisis Terhadap Pandangan dan Kritik Jean-Paul Sartre.” dalam Jurnal Teologi Cultivation Vol. 4, No. 1 Juli 2020, hlm. 93-103. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/326266-eksistensialisme-tuhan-analisis-terhadap-0e8e9adb.pdf.
Simpson, Lorenzo C. 2001, The Unfinished Project. London: Routledge.
Slaughter, Richard A. 1996. New Thinking for A New Millenium. London: Routledge.
Poespowardojo, Soerjanto. 1989. Filsafat Pancasila. Jakarta: Gramedia.
Titus, Harold H., Marilyn S. Smith, dan Richard T. Nolan. 1984, Living Issues In Philosophy (Persoalan-Persoalan Filsafat), 7th Edition, alih bahasa: Prof.Dr.H.M. Rosjidi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang.
Tjaya, Thomas Hidya. 2004. Kierkegaard dan Pergulatan Menjadi Diri Sendiri. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia Utama.
Kierkegaard, Soren. 1983. Fear and Trembling (terjemahan Howard V. Hong & Edna H. Hong). New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Wen, Stayling. 1999. Future of Education. Singapore: Asiapac Books.
Wild, J. 1959. The Challenge of Existen¬sialism Edition-1. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Weij, van der, P. A. 1988, "Sartre: Ateis yang Konsekuen" dalam Filsuf-Filsuf Besar Tentang Manusia, Diindonesiakan oleh K. Bertens. Jakarta: Gramedia.
Woetzel, R. K. 1966. The Philosophy of Freedom. New York: Popular Library, Inc.
Copyright (c) 2022 Eko Ariwidodo, Nasrulloh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
